Description

Kramer Allrad 211, 312, 312 S, 412 E, 412 ET 1993 Technical Manual

If you are turning wrenches on a Kramer Allrad 211, 312, 312 S, 412 E, or 412 ET from 1993, you do not get to guess torques. You do not get to use a Chilton book written for a different continent. This Technical Manual is the OEM factory binder – 184 pages of the actual data Kramer sent to dealers. I have torqued enough head bolts to know that the difference between 50 Nm and 55 Nm can crack a casting or leave you with an oil weep. This manual gives you the numbers from the factory floor, not some aftermarket translation.

Page 5 lists tightening moments for screws – straight from Kramer-Werke GmbH in Überlingen. Page 6 covers piston rod bolt torques. You get the actual table, the exact values, and the thread specs. No diagrams that got rescaled and lost a decimal. If you are rebuilding the gear drive on a 312 S or setting up the final drive on a 412 E, you need the adjustment data from page 23 through 28. Those pages show you the shim stack, the bearing preload, and the backlash numbers for the 211 to 312 S, then separate tables for the 312 E, 412 E, and the 212/312 ET/312 LT models.

Tightening Torques and Fluid Specs

Every bolt on a Kramer loader has a specified torque. The manual dedicates pages 5–7 to screws, piston rod bolts, and back rod/steering ram fasteners. You also get conversion tables for kW to PS and kcal to Watt. Why that matters? When you are bleeding the steering system (page 78) you need to know the fluid volume and correct viscosity. The manual does not waste space – it gives you the numbers in the factory units. If your torque wrench reads in ft-lb, be ready to convert. The manual uses Nm. That is how factory techs work.

Gear Drive Adjustment: 211 to 312 S

Pages 23 through 32 cover the gear drive and gear box adjustments. You get separate sections for the 211 to 312 S, the 312 and 312 E to 412 E, and the 312 SL up to serial 114584 and after. I have seen guys try to set backlash using a feeler gauge and a prayer. This manual gives you the actual adjustment heights and the tool numbers for the special tools (page 33). If you are mounting a final drive on the axle housing of a 412 ET, you need the section on pages 42–44. It shows the bolt pattern, the seal orientation, and the torque sequence. Skip a step and you will be pulling it apart again.

Steering System Bleeding: All Types with 2 Steering Rams

Bleeding air out of a Kramer steering system is not like bleeding brakes. Page 78 gives the procedure for all models with two steering rams. You start at the cylinder ports, crack the lines, and cycle the steering wheel lock to lock while watching the reservoir level. If you have a 312 SL or a 412 E with hydrostatic drive, the manual also includes the steering system adjustment from page 57. Do not skip the pressure measuring points (page 86) for the 112 SL drive circuit – that section covers the exact port locations and pressures. Air in the system will make the wheel wander or chatter. The manual tells you exactly how to purge it.

Hydraulics Diagrams: What Is Covered

The hydraulic circuits for the 212/312 ET/LT are on page 90–91. For the 312 SE and 412 SE, pages 92–93. The 312 SL up to serial 124362 gets its own diagram on page 94. These are not generic “representative” schematics – they are the actual Kramer drawings with port numbers, valve IDs, and hose routing. If you are retrofitting a pressure build-up valve (page 16) or installing a damping clutch (page 17), you reference these diagrams. The manual also covers the 112 SL drive circuit on page 84 and 87, with adjustment data on page 85. Get the charge pressure wrong and the hydrostatic pump cavitates. Page 73 lists the special tools for the 112 SL axles – you will need the service tool numbers to set the preload correctly.

Why OEM Factory Data Matters

Aftermarket manuals for European construction equipment often copy the first edition and miss the serial number breaks. This Kramer Allrad manual is scanned from the 1993 original. It includes the serial number splits – for example, the 312 SL has one adjustment procedure up to serial 114584 (page 27) and a different one from 114585 onward (page 28). The 312 LE and 512 SE/512 SL each have their own gear drive tables. If you use a generic manual, you risk using the wrong shim thickness. This manual is the real factory document, published by Kramer-Werke GmbH. You get the lubrication charts for the 12 and 16 series with converter (page 1) and hydrostatic drive (page 4). That is the kind of detail that keeps a machine running for another 5000 hours.

For related manuals, check the Drogobych Crane KTA-16/25/28 2004 Installation Manual – Section: Общие Указания for crane-specific installation data, or the MODULOS DISPONIBLES PARA EL MULTIEQUIPO CJ EURO for multi-equipment module specs. Also see the Minsk MMVZ-3.11212 Technical Manual for another European vehicle manual. For general background on how a manual transmission works, the Manual Transmission overview on Wikipedia gives a good starting point, and the Manual Transmission article explains gear ratios in more depth.

Does this manual cover the 412 ET with hydrostatic drive?

Yes. The 412 ET is listed in the title and appears in gear drive adjustments (page 26) and hydraulic circuit diagrams.

What language is the manual in?

English translation of the original German Kramer-Werke publication.

Are torque values in Nm or ft-lb?

All tightening moments are given in Nm. You will need to convert to ft-lb if your tools are imperial. Conversion tables are on page 8 (kW to PS) and page 9 (kcal to Watt) but not torque conversion – that is on you.

I am rebuilding the final drive on a 312 S – which pages do I use?

Start with page 23 for gear drive adjustment for 211 to 312 S. Then go to pages 34–35 for final drive sections. The tool list is on page 33. If your serial number is before or after a split, check pages 27 and 28 for the 312 SL – but the 312 S uses the standard adjustment. Do not mix them up. The manual also includes mounting instructions for the final drive on the axle housing (pages 42–44) and the axle shaft adjustment with taper roller bearings (pages 40–41). Follow the sequence exactly: adjust the drive shaft first (page 36–38), then the axle shaft, then mount the drive unit. If you skip the preload step, you will burn the bearings in 200 hours. I have seen it happen. Use the factory numbers.

You need the factory data if you are going to keep a Kramer Allrad 211, 312, 312 S, 412 E, or 412 ET running without chasing ghosts. Access the Factory Manual and get the actual numbers Kramer used in 1993.